Theoritical Review: Development of a Textbook Integrated with The ISC-STEAM Model Supported by STEMTrails Nuanced with Javanese Culture to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Oriented with Constructivist Learning Theory

Abstract

This research aims to analyse a range of literatures studies related to the development of integrated textbooks of the ISC-STEAM model, which are assisted by STEMTrails and oriented towards the Javanese culture nuances, with a focus on the improvement of cirtical thinking skills through the lens of the constructivist learning theory. This research employs a literature study as its methodoligical approach. In order to reach a conclusion, researchers must search for data from books, journals or relevant research articles attached to the results section. This research uses descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques of literature study by describing the results of the sources that have been obtained either through books, journals or related research articles. The syntax of the ISC-STEAM learning model in the development of STEMTrails assisted textbooks with Javanese Culture nuances oriented to constructivism learning theory can be concluded that each learning process promotes students to find, investigate, constructivise, and integrate the knowledge gained so as to form better critical thinking skills by accommodating all aspects of students' abilities with various levels to participate in creating new solutions or theories. The addition of the STEAM approach, as well as the STEMTrails application with Javanese Culture nuances that have not previously been done or even integrated in a mathematics lesson, especially in the ISC learning model.