Factors Influencing Cognitive Development In Early Childhood: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Apart from problems in cognitive and psychosocial development, nutrition also affects inadequate nutrition in children aged 4-5 years which can cause stunting, which is a condition of chronically stunted growth. Stunting can have an impact on children's physical and cognitive development, including their brain development and cognitive abilities. Therefore, it is important for parents and caregivers to ensure that children receive balanced and sufficient nutrition to support their growth and development properly. So cognitive development is intended so that children are able to explore the world. The aim of the research is to determine the factors that influence the cognitive development of early childhood (4-5 years) in terms of several literatures. Search for relevant literature data sources using Google Scholar and Sciendirect using the keywords: “Factors influencing development” + “Cognitive development” + “Psychosocial development” + “In children”. The search articles were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria using population, intervention, conclusion and output (PICO) analysis. Apart from that, the articles were taken from the last 7 years and are in full text form. The results of searching the Google Scholar and Scientdirect data bases. The result literature review From the 5 journals, the results obtained mostly stated that there were several factors, namely psychosocial, nutritional, environmental and genetic. The conclusion regarding the factors that influence cognitive development in early childhood (4-5 years), such as psychosocial and nutrition, is that these two factors play an important role in shaping children’s cognitive abilities. Psychosocial factors, such as social interaction, emotional support, and cognitive stimulation from the surrounding environment, can help enrich children’s learning experiences and influence their brain development.