Systematic Review: Factors Affecting Treatment Adherence of Elderly Hypertension Patients

Abstract

Hypertension remains a significant public health problem, contributing to the onset of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and premature death. Medication adherence is a real support for the treatment success. However, it is often neglected in older people and will have a negative impact on their condition.This study aims to identify what factors are associated with treatment compliance of elderly hypertensive patients based on empirical studies in the last five years. This type of research uses a systematic review method and reference sources derived from research journals sourced from three databases namely Google Scholar, PubMed and ResearchGate from 2019 to 2024. Of the 331 journals identified, 16 journals were included in the synthesis data. The convergent integrated analysis framework suggested by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for systematic reviews was adopted for the data synthesis of the included studies Adherence to hypertension treatment in the elderly is influenced by multi-factors with different variations between settings and individual characteristics. Several factors were identified, namely modifiable factors ((1) social and economic related factors: Education, income, occupation, (2) factors related to health workers and systems: support from health workers, (3) factors related to patient therapy: duration of treatment, number of drugs and motivation for treatment, (4) factors related to patient's disease: depressive symptoms and weight management, (5) patient-related factors: family support, health insurance, living environment, attitude, knowledge, intention, benefits, (6) factors related to disease management: counseling and community-based health programs and non-modifiable factors (factors related to patient's disease: duration of suffering, comorbidities and history of stroke, and patient-related factors: age).This research is limited to the study of correlation studies (majority cross-sectional) so in the future more comprehensive research is needed to be related to the analysis of factors related to hypertension treatment compliance. Qualitative study designs can be added (mixed-method) to produce more in-depth analysis results.