Patterns of Non-Communicable Diseases in Semarang City: Descriptive Analysis Based on Public Health Data

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a major health issue both globally and nationally. According to the WHO, NCDs cause 41 million deaths each year, accounting for 74% of all global deaths.The high prevalence of NCDs can lead to decreased productivity and disruptions in daily activities.. Therefore, effective and sustainable prevention and control efforts are necessary to address these issues and support the achievement of health development goals in Indonesia. To conduct a comprehensive descriptive analysis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cases in the city of Semarang, identifying and highlighting key trends and patterns that emerge from the data. This study employs a descriptive analysis approach. Data source: The data used is Non Communicable Disease case data taken from the 39 Public Health Centers Electronic Health Record’s (SIMPUS) of Semarang for the period 2020-August 2024. The data was collected, cleaned, and normalized before analysis. The result were visualized to identify trends and pattern and were integrated in dashboard intelligent visualization system. The total number of NCD cases in the study period was 155,720, the analysis revealed that the highest number of non-communicable disease cases in Semarang City occurred in July 2024 (16,940 cases), with the lowest in May 2020 (7,688 cases). Hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were the most common conditions. Geographically, Tembalang sub-district had the most NCDs cases (15,362), with Sendangmulyo village leading within sub-districts (2,772 cases). Women accounted for the majority of cases, totaling 95,985 (61,7%). Most non-communicable disease patients suffered from hypertension and non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. The interventions are recommended, particularly in high-incidence areas like Tembalang and Sendangmulyo, focusing on hypertension and diabetes mellitus non-insulin. The findings can influence urban health policy, healthcare resource allocation, and community health programs, while also guiding future studies on climate change, healthy behaviour, and urbanization's impact on health outcomes.