Preeclampsia Increases the Risk of Low Birth Weight, Case-Control Study at Gondo Suwarno Ungaran Hospital

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are conditions where the systolic blood pressure of pregnant women exceeds 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90 mmHg. Hypertension in pregnancy has several types including pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, chronic hypertension during pregnancy, chronic hypertension accompanied by pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension. The cause of maternal death in Indonesia in 2023 is mostly hypertension in pregnancy, which is 412 cases, and in Central Java hypertension in pregnancy is the main cause of maternal death, which is 42.4%. The Health profile has not yet stated what complications in the fetus are caused by hypertension in pregnancy. Severe preeclampsia can cause uteroplacental blood circulation disorders, this will trigger oxidative stress in the placenta, increased uterine tone, and sensitivity to stimuli which ultimately causes complications in the mother and fetus. This study was conducted to find out what effects preeclampsia has on the fetus that is born. This study uses secondary data from Gondo Suwarno Ungaran General Hospital in 2023. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth in 2023 totaling 945 and a sample of 246 mothers consisting of 82 mothers with preeclampsia and 164 mothers without preeclampsia bivariate data analysis using Chi-Square. The results of this study from the characteristics of the mother which are the factors causing preeclampsia are maternal age with p-value <0.0001 and History of Preeclampsia with p-value <0.0001. Complications in newborns related to Preeclampsia are Low birth weight babies with OR 2.110 (1.087-4.097) while there is no relationship between Preeclampsia and the incidence of Asphyxia in newborns.