Early Detection Of Prediabetic and Risk Factors in Tomohon City High School Students

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that is difficult to control, especially in this era due to lifestyle changes. DM is not only affected by adults but also increases in children and adolescents. DM is the cause of many severe complications, such as blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and various infectious diseases that ultimately lead to premature death. Indonesia is among the top ten countries in the world, with a high prevalence of type 2 DM (T2DM) of 10.7 million cases. The 2018 Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) showed that the incidence of T2DM in Indonesia was 2%, in North Sulawesi 3%, and for ages 15-24 years 0.1%. The results of the same study in adolescents aged 15-24 years who experienced impaired fasting blood glucose (FBS) were 10.7%, and impaired glucose tolerance was 16.8%. High impaired blood glucose levels are an early sign of prediabetes in adolescents. This study aimed to determine and detect prediabetes in high school students in Tomohon City and the risk factors associated with prediabetes, including overweight and obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, habits of consuming sweetened beverages, and family history. This study used a case-control design, with a sample of 17 high schools in Tomohon City, with a total of 5,461 students in grades X-XII. The sample was divided into two groups: a case group and a control group at a ratio of 1:3. The results of the study found that 25% of students experienced prediabetes, with three related risk factors: obesity and overweight (18.7%), lack of physical activity (4.7%), and habits of consuming sweetened beverages (19.6%). The dominant risk factor is based on the results; cooperation from various parties is expected to control students' lifestyles so that pre-diabetes will not develop into T2DM in the future.