Path Analysis of Technology Integration and Social Systems on the Quality of Primary Healthcare Services

Abstract

The transformation of primary healthcare services in the digital era requires not only the adoption of technology but also the strength of social systems capable of integrating and sustaining innovation. This study aims to analyze how technology integration and social systems jointly influence the quality of primary healthcare services and to examine the mediating role of social systems in enhancing the effectiveness of technology adoption. This study applied a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A total of 250 respondents, consisting of healthcare professionals and administrative staff from 15 urban community health centers, participated in the survey. Standardized questionnaires were employed to measure the constructs of technology integration, social systems, and primary healthcare service quality. Data were analyzed using AMOS to examine both direct and indirect pathways among variables. The path analysis results indicated that technology integration significantly influenced service quality (p < 0.001). Social systems also had a direct and significant effect on service quality (p < 0.01). Moreover, technology integration exerted a significant effect on social systems (p < 0.001), creating an indirect mediating effect on service quality (β = 0.19). The model demonstrated excellent fit indices (χ²/df = 1.89; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.046). These findings indicate that improving primary healthcare quality depends not only on digital technology adoption but also on the mediating role of social systems in maximizing its impact. This study contributes an empirical SEM-based model that enriches theoretical understanding and provides practical guidance for healthcare managers to balance technological investments with organizational culture and human resource development for sustainable quality improvement.