The Effectiveness of a Family-Based and SocioCultural Health Promotion Model on Behavioral Changes in Stunting Prevention in North Gorontalo

Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly among children under five years old. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family-based health promotion programs in improving mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward stunting prevention in five Primary Health Centers (Puskesmas) located in North Gorontalo Regency, namely Kwandang, Molingkapoto, Anggrek, Ilangata, and Monano. This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design without a control group. A total of 365 respondents, who were mothers of children under five and pregnant women, were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering three domains: knowledge, attitude, and practice, each with dichotomous responses (Yes/No). The results showed an overall improvement in the post-test compared to the pre-test in four health centers (Kwandang, Anggrek, Ilangata, and Monano), indicating enhanced maternal capacity in stunting prevention. However, in Molingkapoto, post-test scores declined compared to the pre-test, suggesting contextual challenges in health promotion delivery. In conclusion, family-based health promotion proved effective in strengthening mothers’ capacity to prevent stunting, though its success varies by local context. Tailored interventions considering cultural, social, and economic factors are needed to maximize the program’s impact and sustainability.