HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI WANITA USIA SUBUR

Abstract

Background: Hypertension constitutes a pressing global health challenge, particularly among Women of Childbearing Age (WCA), due to its implications for increased risk of preeclampsia and long-term cardiovascular morbidity. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns (sodium and fat intake) and physical activity levels with the incidence of hypertension in WCA. Methods: This correlational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design, involving 96 WCA respondents (pregnant women and those at risk of pregnancy complications) recruited from five primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas). Primary data were collected through structured interviews using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity levels. Bivariate analysis was utilized for statistical testing. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was exceptionally high, reaching 79.2% in the WCA population studied. Risk analysis revealed that the majority of respondents exhibited high-risk consumption patterns for sodium (65.6%) and fat (58.3%), coupled with a dominant profile of Light physical activity (58.3%). Statistical tests confirmed a significant association between high-risk sodium intake (p<0.05), high-risk fat intake (p=0.001), and low physical activity (p=0.003) with the incidence of hypertension. The proportion of hypertensive subjects was markedly high in the high-risk fat intake group (92.9%) and the light physical activity group (89.3%). Conclusion: A strong and significant relationship exists between high sodium and fat consumption patterns, along with a sedentary lifestyle, and an increased risk of hypertension in WCA. Public health interventions must be focused on behavioral education for low-salt and low-fat diets, alongside the promotion of integrated physical activity, as a crucial primary prevention strategy.