FAKTOR GAYA HIDUP DAN PENGOBATAN SEBAGAI DETERMINAN DEPRESI PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DI JAWA TIMUR

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic non-communicable disease. High psychological distress in diabetes patients leads to a poor quality of life and is associated with stress and depression. Many factors increase the risk of depression in diabetes patients. This study aimed to analyze the associations of employment status, medication, and physical activity with depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The quantitative research design used correlational analysis with a cross-sectional approach. This study used secondary data sourced from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), which included a total of 1,896 people with diabetes mellitus in East Java. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information and assessed depressive disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Patients still in school were 5.6 times more likely (OR = 5.632; 95% CI: 1.352 23.471) to experience depression than unemployed patients. Self-employed DM patients also showed a 5.6-fold increased risk with an OR of 5.648 (95% CI: 1.193–26.741). Furthermore, insulin injection treatment increased the odds of developing the condition by 1.75 times (p = 0.027; OR = 1.753; 95% CI: 1.064–2.888), while physical activity had a protective effect, reducing the risk by 57.7% (p = 0.034; OR = 0.423; 95% CI: 0.191–0.936). Conclusion: The results indicate that insulin injections are associated with an increased risk of depression, while physical activity has a protective effect.