STRATEGI EFEKTIF PENCEGAHAN OBESITAS ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS PENDEKATAN SEKOLAH, KELUARGA DAN ANAK

Abstract

Childhood obesity among elementary school-aged children is a growing global health issue that affects physical health, mental well-being, and academic development. Preventing obesity requires multi-level interventions targeting various aspects of children’s environments. This study aims to review and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent obesity among elementary school children, focusing on three main approaches: school based, family/parent-based, and child-centered interventions. This research is a systematic literature review conducted by searching relevant studies in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer Nature Link databases for intervention studies published between 2020 and 2025. Eligible studies included experimental or quasi-experimental research assessing obesity interventions among children aged 6–12 years. A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed narratively according to the type of intervention. School-based interventions were found to be effective and comprehensive in reaching child populations, particularly when combining nutrition education, physical activity, and family involvement. Family-based interventions strengthened children’s behavioral changes through emotional support and home environment modifications, while child-centered interventions enhanced motivation and active participation in healthy lifestyles. Approaches integrating all three intervention types demonstrated the most optimal and sustainable outcomes in preventing childhood obesity.