Paulo Freire dan Pendidikan untuk Transformasi Sosial Abad 21

Abstract

Abstrak. Pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini disesuaikan dengan prinsip pengetahuan dan keterampilan abad ke-21 yang dapat mencetak generasi unggul. Upaya menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang unggul dapat dicapai melalui peningkatan kualitas pendidikan. Tantangan utama pendidikan kita memasuki abad 21 adalah: pertama, belum meratanya akses terhadap pendidikan sebab kesenjangan sosial-ekonomi. Kedua, Ketidakmampuan pendidikan melahirkan manusia Indonesia yang punya daya kritis, berani berinovasi dan tanggap terhadap kondisi zaman. Tawaran untuk menjawab tantangan abad-21 salah satunya menggunakan paradigma pendidikan Paulo Freire dengan gagasan pendidikan yang membebaskan. Paulo Freire menawarkan pendidikan pembebasan dengan cara merevisi pendidikan gaya bank diganti dengan pendidikan yang dialogis secara aksi-refleksi secara berkelanjutan. Pendidikan dilakukan dengan cara hadap-masalah. Freire memperkenalkan “Problem Posing Method” (PPM), yaitu metode pendidikan yang tidak “menindas” dan bertujuan untuk membangkitkan kesadaran akan realitas. Desain pembelajaran model Paulo Freire menginspirasi model pendidikan andragogi yaitu pendidikan orang dewasa, secara dialogis, guru berposisi sebagai fasilitator.

Kata kunci: pendidikan, paulo freire, pembebasan.

Abstract. Education in Indonesia is currently adapted to the principles of 21st century knowledge and skills that can produce superior generations. Efforts to create superior human resources can be achieved through improving the quality of education. The main challenges of our education entering the 21st century are: first, the uneven access to education due to socio-economic disparities. Second, the inability of education gives birth to Indonesian people who have critical power, dare to innovate and are responsive to the conditions of the times. One of the offers to answer the challenges of the 21st century is using Paulo Freire's educational paradigm with the idea of liberating education and Paulo Freire's alternative answer to dealing with shackled education and liberation education when it is associated with 21st century education. Paulo Freire offers liberation education by revising bank-style education to replace it with a dialogue-based education with continuous action-reflection. Education is carried out in a problem-solving manner. Freire introduced the “Problem Posing Method” (PPM), which is an educational method that is not “oppressive” and aims to raise awareness of reality. The learning design of Paulo Freire's model inspired the andragogy education model, namely adult education, in a dialogical manner, the teacher plays the role of a facilitator.

Key words: education, paulo freire, liberation.