Sprint di Pantai Meningkatkan Daya Tahan Pemain Futsal: Scoping Literatur Review

Abstract

Futsal demands high levels of both aerobic and anaerobic endurance to support high-intensity activities throughout the 40-minute match. Conventional endurance training on hard surfaces often poses risks of overuse injuries and muscle damage. This scoping literature review aims to identify the effectiveness of sprint training on sandy surfaces in enhancing futsal players' endurance, the underlying physiological mechanisms, and comparisons with hard surfaces. This study employed a scoping literature review approach. Relevant articles were searched in databases such as Scopus, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar using the keywords: "beach sprint" OR "sand sprint" OR "sprint on sand" OR "beach training" AND "futsal" OR "soccer" OR "team sports" AND "endurance" OR "stamina" OR "aerobic capacity," resulting in 8 selected articles from 38 candidates, as shown in the PRISMA flow diagram. The findings indicate that sand sprint training enhances VO₂max (by 10–15%), leg muscle strength (by over 20%), running economy, and cardiovascular efficiency due to natural resistance being 1.5–2.5 times greater, fast-twitch muscle fiber recruitment, and adaptations in capillaries and tendons. It concludes that sprint training on sandy surfaces is effective for improving futsal players' endurance. This type of training enhances aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and biomechanical efficiency. Although training on hard surfaces also has benefits, training on sand is superior in reducing injury risk and enhancing endurance. Therefore, futsal coaches and players are advised to incorporate sand training into their training programs.