Lensing the Experiences of University Students and Athletes Using Fitness Applications: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis

Abstract

Fitness applications (FAs) are becoming increasingly popular; however, their effectiveness depends not only on their features but also on how they are being experienced. Hence, this paper aims to provide a synthesis consolidating the experiences of university students and athletes using FAs. Researchers searched studies through databases and screened them with the inclusion criteria. Six studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) checklists. Three analytical themes emerged from the reviewed studies: 1) Self and Social Dynamics in Application Use; 2) Motivation and Behavior Support; and 3) Fitness Application Design. This highlights that FAs have impacted the personal and social lives of university students and athletes. It has essential features that promote health behavior change, goal setting, reflection, emotional support, and rehabilitation.  Despite its usability features, FAs also have their limitations (e.g., time constraints, unnecessary app notifications, a lack of personalization and contextualization, and complex features). Researchers suggest that FAs developers should focus on developing an improved and simplified monitoring and feedback system, providing users with personalized and context-aware support for physical activity.  FAs should incorporate interventions that address these limitations for sustained physical activity participation.