Potensi Olahraga dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Narapidana: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur

Abstract

This study examines the role of physical activity and sports-based interventions in improving psychological well-being among incarcerated individuals. This review explores how sports contribute to emotional regulation, psychological stress reduction, identity development, social connectivity, and overall mental health in inmates during their incarceration, with additional relevance for rehabilitation programs in Indonesia. A narrative literature review was conducted by synthesizing twelve peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024, selected based on their relevance to the prison population, structured sports interventions, and psychological outcomes. Data were analyzed thematically to identify cross-study patterns. The results consistently show evidence that sports participation reduces symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, while also improving self-regulation, self-efficacy, and emotional stability. Team-based programs foster social bonding and prosocial behavior, strength training enhances personal agency, and mind-body activities support emotional regulation. Improved physical health further strengthens mental well-being. Overall, sports serve as a strategic rehabilitation tool rather than recreation, supporting reintegration and psychological recovery.