Integrasi Teknologi Adaptif dan Peralatan Cerdas dalam Transformasi Pembelajaran Sepak Bola di PJOK: Model Inovatif untuk Era Pendidikan Digital

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the integration of adaptive technology and smart equipment in Physical Education learning, specifically in soccer, to improve technical performance, tactical understanding, and training efficiency among students. The research employed a structured literature review approach by examining recent empirical studies on small-sided games, wearable sensors, smart balls, GPS tracking, and video-based feedback in school-aged learners. Findings indicate that technological modifications significantly enhance learning outcomes: small-sided games with touch limitations increase high-intensity actions and ball-contact frequency by up to 60%; smart balls equipped with IMU sensors provide real-time feedback on kicking velocity and accuracy; and wearable GPS devices effectively monitor physical load, with strong correlations between movement metrics and perceived exertion among youth players (r = 0.62– 0.78). Additionally, video analysis and augmented-reality tools were shown to strengthen students’ tactical comprehension and decision-making efficiency. The study concludes that a hybrid model combining low- cost equipment modifications and adaptive digital technology yields the most effective and scalable approach for soccer learning in PJOK, especially within the constraints of Indonesian schools.