Instructional Leadership for Differentiated Learning Through APOLO Integrated with QARVI (QR Code, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality): An ADDIE-Based Development Study in Elementary Education

Abstract

The implementation of differentiated learning in elementary schools remains challenging due to teachers’ limited understanding of students’ diverse learning characteristics and the need to integrate local wisdom with digital learning resources. This study aimed to develop and evaluate APOLO (Local Potential Application) integrated with QARVI (QR Code, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality) as an instructional leadership innovation to support differentiated learning and strengthen local wisdom-based education. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. During the analysis phase, learning needs and implementation challenges of the Merdeka Curriculum were identified. The design and development phases focused on creating a web-based platform integrating non-cognitive diagnostic assessment, local potential resources, learning materials, project-based activities, and QARVI technology. Product feasibility was evaluated through expert validation involving academic and practitioner reviewers, followed by revisions based on the validation results. The implementation phase involved teachers, students, parents, and community stakeholders in local wisdom-based differentiated learning activities. The findings indicated that the developed product was categorized as feasible and appropriate for educational use based on expert validation results. Furthermore, effectiveness evaluation demonstrated a 95% learning effectiveness score, supported by positive responses from teachers and students regarding engagement, learning flexibility, accessibility of learning resources, and the diversity of learning products produced. The integration of QR Code, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality enriched learning experiences and facilitated differentiated content, process, and product learning. The study concludes that APOLO integrated with QARVI is a valid, effective, and scalable digital learning innovation that supports differentiated instruction, strengthens local wisdom integration, and promotes meaningful learning experiences in elementary education.